Jesus: The Guarantee of a Better Covenant
Hebrews 7:20-28
Tonight we're going to study the Word of God in Hebrews, chapter 7, and we're going to look at verses 20 to 28 in concluding our study of Jesus and Melchizedek. Now, as we come to chapter 7, verses 20 through 28, concluding this chapter, the writer of Hebrews, whom we have assumed to be the Holy Spirit, since we do not know the human author, and we know the Holy Spirit penned it, the Holy Spirit is still piling up proofs in these closing verses that the priesthood of Jesus Christ is superior to that of Aaron.
The Jews, as you know, had put all of their stock in the Levitical priesthood, the priesthood that came through the line of Aaron and the tribe of Levi. And Jesus came as a priest of another order, the priesthood of Melchizedek, a man who predated Aaron, who was at the time of Abraham. Jesus, as a priest after the order of Melchizedek, is therefore a superior priest to all the priests of Aaron. And the point is simply to prove that Jesus is superior to everything in the old covenant, therefore the new covenant is better than the old, therefore the Jews ought to come to Christ and drop all of their Old Testament attachments that they're holding on to.
He is writing to Hebrews and saying, "Come to Christ." He is writing to Hebrew believers and saying, "Drop all the Jewish trappings. Jesus is sufficient. He is superior." And so part of the superiority of Christ is His superior priesthood. He is after the order of Melchizedek. The Judaistic priests are after the order of Levi. And Melchizedek's is a superior order.
Now, He has taken one text that He has used through this whole discussion, which really began clear back in the end of chapter 4. His text is Psalm 110:4, and He milks that text for every possible conceivable particle of truth. The text of Psalm 110:4 says that, "The Lord hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek." It was a Messianic prophecy predicting that when Messiah came, He would be a priest, for a man needs a priest who bridges the gap between himself and God, but that He would not be a priest after the Aaronic line, but after the order of Melchizedek. Four times through what we've studied that statement is repeated. Four times He restates His text.
And the Holy Spirit is showing us that Jesus is a priest like Melchizedek, far superior to those Levites and those of Aaron's train. Now, His process is to establish the priesthood of Melchizedek first of all, and then show how it was better than Aaron and then show how Jesus is like Melchizedek. Thus, the new covenant is better than the old, for it has a better priest.
Now, this has been what He's doing all through chapter 7, so I'm not going to go into it. But the Spirit all through chapter 7 has been presenting Christ as the priest like Melchizedek. We saw that Aaron's priesthood was limited because it couldn't provide one thing that was primary. It couldn't provide perfection. And another term for perfection is what? Access to God.
Aaron's priesthood could not bring men to God. All through the ministry of Aaron and the Levites, the veil remained, right? There never was access to God. The one thing men needed most couldn't be provided by Aaron. Therefore, there had to come another priest who could bring access to God, a priest after a different order, and that is Jesus Christ.
And David, in Psalm 110:4, when he made the statement concerning Messiah, "Thou art a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek," was prophesying that when Messiah did come He, indeed, would be a priest after a different order. And so Christ has come and provided the access that Aaron couldn't provide.
Compare verse 11, for a moment, to verse 19. Verse 11, "If, therefore, perfection were by the Levitical priesthood," skip the parenthesis, "what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchizedek?" The point was that Aaron's priesthood couldn't bring perfection. If it could've, you wouldn't need another priest after a different order.
But in verse 19 it says, starting out with the word "but" and changing to "and," "and the bringing in of a better hope by which we draw near to God." In other words, He is talking there about Christ being the One who brings us to God. Access to God. Aaron couldn't do it. Christ could. That's the difference.
So Melchizedek's priesthood, the order of which Jesus is a priest, is superior. It's superior because of its character, and we went into all of that back at the beginning of chapter 7, because of its basic nature it's superior, and the fact that Abraham paid tithes to Melchizedek, and all the priesthood of Aaron was in the loins of Abraham. So, in a sense, Aaron was giving homage to Melchizedek. It's superior because it could provide the access that Aaron's priesthood could not provide.
So then the Holy Spirit is saying the old covenant is set aside. It couldn't hack it. It couldn't make it. It couldn't provide. The new covenant replaces it. It's a change. It's not just added to the old covenant. The old covenant is done away. The new covenant supplants it.
But the writer is not yet finished with His sermon about Jesus and Melchizedek. As much as He has covered, it almost boggles our mind to conceive of, He has yet more to come in verses 20 to 28. And here the Holy Spirit presents Jesus as a superior priest three ways...three ways. The surety of a better covenant, Savior to the uttermost and separate from sinners. Surety of a better covenant, Savior to the uttermost and separate from sinners. And you'll see those all through the passage.
The end of verse 22, "surety of a better testament," or covenant. Verse 25, "able to save to the uttermost," Savior to the uttermost. Verse 26, separate from sinners. Those are the three key statements by which He draws to a conclusion the priesthood of Jesus Christ.
Now, in our last message, we saw the key phrase, "draw nigh unto God," in verse 19. The goal of our faith is access to God. The goal of Christianity is to bring men into the presence of God. That Jesus Christ could do. Aaron could not. The veil always remained. But in Christ, the veil was what? Was rent, and access was made. And in verse 19 of chapter 6, we go into the presence of God, where our forerunner has entered, verse 20, and we are anchored there. That's something Aaron couldn't do.
So access to God looks, from our viewpoint, at the object of our...really the goal of our faith, or the object of our trust. The design for us is that we have access to God. Now, from God's standpoint, the phrase "save to the uttermost" in verse 25 describes it. That's like the other side of the coin. We from our standpoint are able to have access to God. From His standpoint He is able to save us to the uttermost. Two sides of the same truth. Jesus gives access to God from our viewpoint, and saves us to the uttermost from His viewpoint.
Now let's look at the three superiorities. First of all, Jesus is presented as the surety of a better covenant in verses 20 to 22. Let's look at verse 20, and follow very carefully so that you'll understand. "And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest, for those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord swore and will not repent, Thou art a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek, by so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament."
Now, let me drop 21 out, because it's a parenthesis, and read 20 and 22. "And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest, by so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament." In other words, He was a surety of a better testament because He was made a priest with an oath. He says it in a negative way, "not without an oath." That's a double negative. The positive would be, God made Him a priest by an oath.
You say, "Well, this...well, so what?" Well, I'll get to that. That's what I said when I first read it. What's He saying? Well, He's saying this. There's something very important about God making an oath. What was God's oath, in verse 21? "For those priests were made without an oath." In other words, God never said what He said about Christ. But with this one, the Lord, what's the next word? "Swore and will not repent, Thou art a priest," what's the next word? "Forever." Now, he never said that to Aaron. God never swore an oath to Aaron that his priesthood would be forever? You see? That's what He's saying.
Because of that, that is not as significant as Christ's priesthood, because when God established Christ as a priest, He swore with an oath that it would be forever. Therefore, His is a better testament. You see? Aaron's was always temporary. It was designed to be temporary. God never swore that it would be eternal. But with Christ, He swore an eternal priesthood. When the Levitical priests were inducted into office, God took no oath. That's the point. God swore not. But when Jesus Christ was presented as priest, God swore and will not repent. In other words, God bound His Word by an oath.
Now, that doesn't mean that unless God swears and makes an oath, His Word is no good. It simply means that wherever God makes an oath, His Word has to do with an eternal transaction. Now, that's important.
The Old Testament priests had a transitory office, an office of imperfection and an office of decay. They ministered in the temple on a temporary basis. They kept dying off and their sons kept replacing them. They were sinful and had to always be offering sacrifices for themselves, so forth and so on. They never could bring access. They never could bring perfection. And perfection in the Book of Hebrews has to do with, really, salvation. They couldn't bring it about. They could only cover sins, not do away with them. And so the priests couldn't really do it. Therefore, God never designed them to be an eternal priesthood.
And here, the writer is saying to the Jews, your own Old Testament says God had ordained an eternal priesthood of a different kind. The Old Testament priesthood was based upon God's Word, an expression of His sovereign power. But it never had an eternal quality by God's oath that it be forever.
Now, when God gives His oath, that means that it is a guaranteed thing, permanently. Go back, for example, to Hebrews chapter 6, and there's a great illustration of this. "Now God," in verse 13, "made a promise to Abraham, because he could swear by no greater, he swore by himself." The Old Testament saints used to swear by God. "As the Lord liveth, so will I do this." But if you always swear by the greater, but who's greater than God? So He has to swear by Himself. "When God made promise to Abraham, because he could swear by no greater, he swore by himself. And He said Surely blessing I will bless thee, and multiplying I will multiply thee." Now, when God said that to Israel, that was an eternal covenant. God would never go back on that. He bound Himself with an oath.
"And so, after he had patiently endured, he obtained the promise," that Abraham did. He endured until he was very old, and finally he got the son that was the beginning of the promise. "For men verily swear by the greater, and an oath for confirmation is to them an end of all strife." In other words, when a man sets a seal of an oath, when he convinces you by swearing that he is meaning the truth, that kind of doubly makes it real.
Verse 17, "Wherein God, willing more abundantly to show unto the heirs of promise the immutability," or the unchanging character, "of his counsel, confirmed it by an oath." Now, God wanted Abraham to know that this was a promised, eternal kind of covenant. "I will bless you. I will multiply you." And He went on even to say He would bless those that blessed him and curse those that cursed him, and through Abraham the families of the earth would be blessed.
And it was through Abraham Messiah came. And the eternal blessing that comes upon every man throughout all of eternity is a fulfillment of the Abrahamic Covenant. And so when God made an eternal covenant, He bound Himself with an oath. That's how you can tell the eternal character of the covenant. Jesus' priesthood is just that eternal. It is based on an oath, the priesthood of Melchizedek. But the priesthood of Aaron is not.
Now, the very idea that God would take an oath is a startling thing, in a sense. The only reason for God to take an oath is because...not because His Word's no good, but because there is a unique and extraordinary importance attached to those places where God does this. And mark this thought. They are always connected with Christ. Whenever God takes an oath in relation to a promise, it is always connected with Christ, who is the eternal fulfillment of all of His promises. So whenever God makes a promise that relates to Christ, He can add an oath to it, giving it eternal character.
Another illustration would be the promise to David that Christ would sit on the throne and reign as king of kings and so forth and so on. That also was given with an oath, because that is an eternal promise. Christ is an eternal king. So the promise of God that is attached to the eternal fulfillment of Christ is given with an oath. Therefore, when God gave this indication that there would come a Messiah who would be after the order of Melchizedek, He swore by it, because His priesthood was to be how long? Forever, or eternal.
So Jesus is a permanent priest, sworn by God to be forever. Because of this, verse 22 is true. "By so much," or because of that fact, "Jesus is made a surety of a better covenant." The covenant that God made with Jesus is better than the old one, because the old one is temporary and the new one is what? Eternal. It's just that much better. Just that much better. A better priest brings a better covenant.
So Christ, then, is the guarantee. The word "surety" means guarantee. And we'll talk about it. But Christ is the guarantee of a better covenant because He's a better priest. He's an eternal priest with an eternal covenant. Aaron's thing was temporary.
Now, notice this. The covenant is between God and man, and Christ is the guarantee of it. The Greek word means just that, a person who guarantees. Christ is the guarantee of a better covenant from God with man, one that can do everything the first covenant couldn't do. The first covenant couldn't save to the uttermost, could it? It could only cover sin. The first covenant couldn't give access to God. It only gave a temporary kind of relationship. But Jesus can do what the first could not.
And I want you to notice this. He is not saying that the first covenant was bad. The word "better" is a comparative, right? All of you English teachers know that. The word "better" is a comparative of what other word? Bad? Bad, better, best? What? Good, better, best. The old covenant was very good. It just wasn't better. It was very good.
In some respects, the old covenant was indeed good. It was good in itself as the product of God's wisdom, as the product of God's righteousness. It served a very good purpose, for it restrained sin and it promoted godliness to certain degrees. Its design was good. But it pointed toward Christ, and when He came there was a better one. And there doesn't need to be a best, because the better is the best. There are only two. So the new covenant is better.
Now, there's a beautiful illustration of how Christ guarantees this new covenant, I think, found in Genesis 43, verses 8 and 9. Just jot it down and I'll read it to you. Genesis 43, 8 and 9. "And Judah said unto Israel his father, Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go." Now this is the lad being Benjamin, going to Egypt. "That we may live, and not die." Remember, the famine was going on. "Both we, and thou, and also our little ones. I will be surety for him. Of my hand shalt thou require him. If I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever."
Now, you remember that all of the brothers went down to Egypt, and Joseph had been made one of the mucky-mucks down there, and he had a lot of the grain and stuff that his family needed. And so they went down there to Egypt to get in on some of the goodies that were there, and they went without Benjamin, who was the baby of the family. And so Joseph wanted to see Benjamin, so he sent them all back and said, "Bring Benjamin."
Well, Judah says to his father, "I want to bring Benjamin," and his father says, "Not Benjamin, my beloved Benjamin." And he says, "Look, I will be the surety of Benjamin." And he says this, that's the very word, "surety," "of my hand shalt thou require him. If I bring him not unto thee and set him before thee, let me bear the blame forever." You see, he guarantees the promise that he will return Benjamin. He stands as the surety of the promise.
Judah was faithful to his agreement to care for Benjamin, and even before Joseph this is what he said, in chapter 44 of Genesis. "For thy servant became surety for the lad unto my father, saying, If I bring him not unto thee, then I shall bear the blame to my father forever. Now, therefore, I pray thee, let thy servant abide instead of the lad." He even says, "I'll be a bondsman to my lord and let the lad go with his brother." And he pleads the case of Benjamin as the guarantor of Benjamin's safe return. And so we see Judah as a surety of a better covenant, and a type of Christ.
There's another beautiful example. There's a little book in the New Testament, and I think one of these months we're going to do a study of it. Philemon. It's only one chapter, and probably a lot of people don't even know what's in there, but it's a beautiful story about a slave by the name of Onesimus, who was really giving problems to his master, named Philemon. Now, Paul volunteers to be the surety for Onesimus, and in verses 18 and 19 of Philemon says this. "If he hath wronged thee, or oweth thee ought, put that on mine account. I Paul have written it with mine own hand. I will repay."
Now, what happens? Paul says, "I will guarantee everything in the behalf of Onesimus." So in like manner, Jesus Christ Himself, engaged as the guarantor in the service of the Father, says to the Father, "Charge to my account whatever my people do, and I will fully pay their debts. Whatever they owe, I'll pay it." He's the guarantee, so that our covenant with God can never be violated. Every time we bring a debt to bear, Jesus pays it. And the